Chemical Composition
Table 1. Composition ranges for 316 grade of stainless steels.
Grade | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Mo | Ni | N | |
316 | Min | - | - | - | 0 | - | 16.0 | 2.00 | 10.0 | - |
Max | 0.08 | 2.0 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 18.0 | 3.00 | 14.0 | 0.10 | |
316L | Min | - | - | - | - | - | 16.0 | 2.00 | 10.0 | - |
Max | 0.03 | 2.0 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 18.0 | 3.00 | 14.0 | 0.10 | |
316H | Min | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0 | - | - | 16.0 | 2.00 | 10.0 | - |
max | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.75 | 0.045 | 0.03 | 18.0 | 3.00 | 14.0 | - |
Mechanical Properties
Table 2. Mechanical properties of 316 grade stainless steels.
Grade | Tensile Str (MPa) min | Yield Str 0.2% Proof (MPa) min | Elong (% in 50 mm) min | Hardness | |
Rockwell B (HR B) max | Brinell (HB) max | ||||
316 | 515 | 205 | 40 | 95 | 217 |
316L | 485 | 170 | 40 | 95 | 217 |
316H | 515 | 205 | 40 | 95 | 217 |
Note: 316H also has a requirement for a grain size of ASTM no. 7 or coarser.
Physical Properties
Table 3. Typical physical properties for 316 grade stainless steels.
Grade | Density(kg/m3) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Mean Co-eff of Thermal Expansion (µm/m/°C) | Thermal Conductivity (W/m.K) | Specific Heat 0-100 °C (J/kg.K) | Elec Resistivity (nΩ.m) | |||
0-100 °C | 0-315 °C | 0-538 °C | At 100 °C | At 500 °C | |||||
316/L/H | 8000 | 193 | 15.9 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 16.3 | 21.5 | 500 | 740 |
Grade Specification Comparison
Table 4. Grade specifications for 316 grade stainless steels.
Grade | UNS No | Old British | Euronorm | Swedish SS | Japanese JIS | ||
BS | En | No | Name | ||||
316 | S31600 | 316S31 | 58H, 58J | 1.4401 | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 | 2347 | SUS 316 |
316L | S31603 | 316S11 | - | 1.4404 | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | 2348 | SUS 316L |
316H | S31609 | 316S51 | - | - | - | - | - |
Note: These comparisons are approximate only. The list is intended as a comparison of functionally similar materials not as a schedule of contractual equivalents. If exact equivalents are needed original specifications must be consulted.
Possible Alternative Grades
Table 5. Possible alternative grades to 316 stainless steel.
Grade | Why it might be chosen instead of 316? |
316Ti | Better resistance to temperatures of around 600-900 °C is needed. |
316N | Higher strength than standard 316. |
317L | Higher resistance to chlorides than 316L, but with similar resistance to stress corrosion cracking. |
904L | Much higher resistance to chlorides at elevated temperatures, with good formability |
2205 | Much higher resistance to chlorides at elevated temperatures, and higher strength than 316 |
