General Characteristics
321/4541 is a titanium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel with improved intergranular corrosion resistance for an extended temperature range. 321/4541 is an austenitic stainless steel that belongs to the standard CrNi stainless steel family. 321/4541 can be welded in all dimensions without becoming susceptible to intergranular corrosion.
The austenitic CrNi standard grades are the most widely used group of stainless steels. Their well-balanced material properties make them suitable for the fabrication of many products. Due to its titanium content, 321/4541 can be used at elevated temperatures. For high-temperature applications, the use of the optimized high-temperature Therma 321H/4878 is recommended.
321/4541 is available in many product forms and dimensions, often also from many stainless steel stockholders. Polishing of 321/4541 is limited due to its titanium alloying.
Typical Applications
Annealing covers
Stack liners
Automotive exhaust systems
Welded pressure vessels
Flanges and valves
Product forms, available sizes and finishes
Flat
| Product type | Finishes | Thickness | Width |
| Black hot band | 1U | 2,40-10,00 | 1000-1550 |
Cold rolled coil | 2B, 2BB, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2G, 2H, 2J, 2K, 2M, 2R | 0,05-6,35 | 3-1610 |
Cold rolled sheet | 2B, 2BB, 2D, 2E, 2G, 2H, 2J, 2K, 2M, 2R | 0,20-6,35 | 18-2050 |
Hot rolled coil, pickled | 1C, 1D, 1E, 1G, 1M, 1U | 1,36-10,00 | 35-1610 |
Precision strip | 2H, 2R | 0,05-1,50 | 3-649 |
Quarto plate | 1D, 1G | 5,00-130,00 | 400-3200 |
Long
| Product type | Thickness | Width | |
Bloom | 395,00-405,00 | 295-305 | |
Cast billet | 127,00-180,00 | 127-180 | |
Cast slab | 165,00-305,00 | 1000-1580 | |
Cold drawn bar hex | 8,00-25,40 | 8-25 | |
Cold drawn bar round | 6,00-25,40 | 6-25 | |
Cold drawn bar square | 8,00-22,00 | 8-22 | |
Forged billet round | 200,00-230,00 | 200-230 | |
Forged billet square | 200,00-230,00 | 200-230 | |
Hot rolled / Black bar round | 75,00-230,00 | 75-230 | |
Peeled / turned bar round | 70,00-170,00 | 70-170 | |
Rolled billet round | 90,00-200,00 | 90-200 | |
Rolled billet square | 75,00-200,00 | 75-200 | |
Wire rod (Rod coil) hex | 9,00-27,00 | 9-27 | |
Wire rod (Rod coil) round | 5,00-27,00 | 5-27 | |
Wire rod (Rod coil) square | 9,00-24,00 | 9-24 |
Chemical Composition
The typical chemical composition for this grade is given in the table below, together with composition limits given for the product according to different standards. The required standard will be fully met as specified on the order.
The chemical composition is given as % by mass.
| C | Mn | Cr | Ni | Mo | N | ||
Typical | 0.04 | 17.3 | 9.1 | Ti | |||
ASME II A SA-240 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-12.0 | ≤0.10 | ||
ASTM A240 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-12.0 | ≤0.10 | ||
EN 10028-7 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-12.0 | |||
EN 10088-2 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.0 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-12.0 | |||
EN 10088-4 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.0 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-12.0 | |||
GOST 5632-72 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.0 | 17.00-19.00 | 9.00-11.00 | ≤0.35 | ≤0.10 | |
GOST 5632-72 | ≤0.12 | ≤2.0 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-11.0 | ≤0.35 | ≤0.10 | |
GOST 5632-72 Chemical analysis | ≤0.08 | ≤2.0 | 17.00-19.00 | 9.00-11.00 | ≤0.3 | ≤0.10 | |
GOST 5632-72 Chemical analysis | ≤0.12 | ≤2.0 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-11.0 | ≤0.35 | ≤0.10 | |
IS 6911 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.0 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-12.0 | ≤0.70 | ≤0.10 | |
RM 2/1039-02 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-12.0 | |||
RM 2/1077-02 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-12.0 | |||
TLV936002 | ≤0.08 | ≤2.00 | 17.0-19.0 | 9.0-12.0 |
Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of the available products in soft annealed condition at room temperature are given in the table below. In addition to these values, several of the chromium-nickel grades is available in temper rolled condition with higher mechanical strength.
Moderate strengths can be reached at elevated temperatures (~550 °C/1022 °F). Temperatures for excessive scaling are close to 850 °C/1562 °F. This grade, along with other austenitic corrosion-resistant steels, exhibits very high ductility and high elongation to fracture. It is not susceptible to brittle fracture in the solution annealed condition.
| Standard | Rp0.2 | Rp1.0 | Rm | Elongation | Rockwell | HB |
MPa | MPa | MPa | % | |||
Product type: Cold rolled coil and sheet | ||||||
Typical (thickness 1 mm) | 260 | 285 | 625 | 70 | ||
ASME II A SA-240 | ≥ 205 | ≥ 515 | ≤ 217 | |||
ASTM A240 | ≥ 205 | ≥ 515 | ≤ 95HRB | ≤ 217 | ||
EN 10028-7 | ≥ 220 | ≥ 250 | 520-720 | ≥ 40 | ||
EN 10088-2 | ≥ 220 | ≥ 250 | 520-720 | ≥ 40 | ||
EN 10088-4 | ≥ 220 | ≥ 250 | 520-720 | ≥ 40 | ||
GOST 5632-72 | ≥ 235 | ≥ 250 | ≥ 535 | ≥ 40 | ||
GOST 5632-72 | ≥ 230 | ≥ 260 | 540-670 | ≥ 45 | ||
IS 6911 | ≥ 205 | ≥ 515 | ≤ 95HRB | ≤ 217 | ||
Product type: Hot rolled coil and sheet | ||||||
Typical (thickness 4 mm) | 265 | 295 | 590 | 70 | 165 | |
ASME II A SA-240 | ≥ 205 | ≥ 515 | ≤ 217 | |||
ASTM A240 | ≥ 205 | ≥ 515 | ≤ 217 | |||
EN 10028-7 | ≥ 220 | ≥ 250 | 520-720 | ≥ 40 | ||
EN 10088-2 | ≥ 220 | ≥ 250 | 520-720 | ≥ 40 | ||
EN 10088-4 | ≥ 220 | ≥ 250 | 520-720 | ≥ 40 | ||
GOST 5632-72 | ≥ 235 | ≥ 250 | ≥ 535 | ≥ 40 | ||
GOST 5632-72 | ≥ 230 | ≥ 260 | 540-670 | ≥ 45 | ||
IS 6911 | ≥ 205 | ≥ 515 | ≤ 95HRB | ≤ 217 | ||
Product type: Hot rolled quarto plate | ||||||
Typical (thickness 15 mm) | 250 | 290 | 570 | 55 | ||
ASME II A SA-240 | ≥ 205 | ≥ 515 | ≤ 95HRB | ≤ 217 | ||
ASTM A240 | ≥ 205 | ≥ 515 | ≤ 95HRB | ≤ 217 | ||
EN 10028-7 | ≥ 200 | ≥ 240 | 500-700 | ≥ 40 | ||
EN 10088-2 | ≥ 200 | ≥ 240 | 500-700 | ≥ 40 | ||
EN 10088-4 | ≥ 200 | ≥ 240 | 500-700 | ≥ 40 | ||
IS 6911 | ≥ 205 | ≥ 515 | ≤ 95HRB | ≤ 217 | ||
RM 2/1039-02 | ≥ 200 | ≥ 240 | 500-700 | ≥ 40 | ||
RM 2/1077-02 | ≥ 200 | ≥ 240 | 500-700 | ≥ 40 | ||
TLV936002 | ≥ 200 | ≥ 240 | 500-700 | ≥ 40 | ||
Product type: Wire rod | ||||||
Typical | 250 | 290 | 570 | 55 | ||
Physical Properties
| Density | Modulus of elasticity | Thermal exp. at 100 °C | Thermal conductivity |
kg/dm3 | GPa | 10-6/°C | W/m°C |
7.9 | 200 | 16,0 | 15 |
