Grade 410 stainless steels are general-purpose martensitic stainless steels containing 11.5% chromium, which provide good corrosion resistance properties. However, the corrosion resistance of grade 410 steels can be further enhanced by a series of processes such as hardening, tempering and polishing. Quenching and tempering can harden grade 410 steels. They are generally used for applications involving mild corrosion, heat resistance and high strength.
Chemical Composition
| Grade | C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Ni | |
410 | min. | - | - | - | - | - | 11.5 | 0.75 |
| Tempering Temperature (°C) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) | Elongation (% in 50 mm) | Hardness Brinell (HB) | Impact Charpy V (J) |
Annealed * | 480 min | 275 min | 16 min | - | - |
204 | 1475 | 1005 | 11 | 400 | 30 |
316 | 1470 | 961 | 18 | 400 | 36 |
427 | 1340 | 920 | 18.5 | 405 | # |
538 | 985 | 730 | 16 | 321 | # |
593 | 870 | 675 | 20 | 255 | 39 |
650 | 300 | 270 | 29.5 | 225 | 80 |
* Annealed properties of cold finished bar, which pertain to Condition A of ASTM A276.
# Tempering of grade 410 steels should be avoided at temperatures of 425-600 °C, owing to associated low impact resistance.
| Grade | Density (kg/m3) | Elastic Modulus (GPa) | Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (μm/m/°C) | Thermal Conductivity (W/m.K) | Specific Heat 0-100 °C (J/kg.K) | Electrical Resistivity (nΩ.m) | |||
| 0-100 °C | 0-315 °C | 0-538 °C | at 100 °C | at 500 °C | |||||
410 | 7800 | 200 | 9.9 | 11 | 11.5 | 24.9 | 28.7 | 460 | 570 |
Grade Specification Comparison
| Grade | UNS No | Old British | Euronorm | Swedish SS | Japanese JIS | ||
| BS | En | No | Name | ||||
410 | S41000 | 410S21 | 56A | 1.4006 | X12Cr13 | 2302 | SUS 410 |
| Grade | Reasons for choosing the grade |
416 | High machinability is required, and the lower corrosion resistance of 416 is acceptable. |
420 | A higher hardened strength or hardness than can be obtained from 410 is needed. |
440C | A higher hardened strength or hardness than can be obtained even from 420 is needed. |
Applications
Grade 410 stainless steels find applications in the following:
Bolts, screws, bushings and nuts
Petroleum fractionating structures
Shafts, pumps and valves
Mine ladder rungs
Gas turbines
